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by Security Conversations
The Three Buddy Problem is a popular Security Conversations podcast that goes beyond industry talking points to discuss what others won’t -- nation-state malware, attribution, cyberwar, ethics, privacy, and the messy realities of securing computers and corporate networks. Hosted by three veteran security pros -- journalist Ryan Naraine and malware paleontologists Costin Raiu and Juan Andres Guerrero-Saade -- the weekly show attracts a highly engaged audience of security researchers, corporate defenders, CISOs, and policymakers.
Latest Episodes
The most recent episodes — sign up to get AI-powered summaries of each one.
- 6 days ago1h 52m
PHP2Shell Meltdown: AI Found It. Who's Going to Patch It?
(Presented by TLPBLACK: A cybersecurity intelligence platform focused on sharing curated, high-sensitivity threat insights and research with trusted security professionals.) Three Buddy Problem - Episode 117: This week, we dig into PHP2Shell, the AI-assisted PHP bug that led governments to take websites offline, and the arguments over broken embargoes, who found it first, and the AI doomers taking an "I-told-you-so" victory lap. Plus, why patching hasn't kept up with AI bug finding, a failure of SBOMs, Terence Tao on math after AI, the iPhone Duo jailbreak and the eMudhra certificate authority key leak. Cast: Juan Andres Guerrero-Saade and Ryan Naraine. Costin Raiu is traveling. Timestamps: 0:00 Introductory banter 1:07 Black October's pile of critical bugs 2:34 PHP2Shell and the AI victory lap 8:28 Twenty years of PHP technical debt 16:54 Wiz, Gemini 4 Argon and the credit fight 21:01 Chainguard breaks the embargo 28:42 The doomers' warnings and the patching gap 39:32 Is this an SBOM problem? 55:33 Inside the PHP Foundation's post-mortem 1:03:13 Are bugs sparse or dense? 1:11:24 Should frontier labs fix coding? 1:20:14 Vibe coding and math's industrial era 1:27:26 Who pays to maintain open source? 1:44:59 iPhone Duo hacked already, eMudhra and the news
- 1 weeks ago3h 26m
Who's Hacking Supermarket Fridges in France?
(Presented by TLPBLACK: A cybersecurity intelligence platform focused on sharing curated, high-sensitivity threat insights and research with trusted security professionals.) Three Buddy Problem - Episode 116: This week, the buddies dig into a mystery hack that cooked French supermarket fridges, cyberattacks against food supply networks, and why this smells like nation-state sabotage in Europe? Plus, a fresh Ivanti zero-day chain, Anthropic's self-replicating IoT research and defender-hostile guardrails, Citizen Lab's AdFection spyware-by-ads exposé, Calif's iPhone exploit drops at Hexacon, Grok's surprising enterprise adoption, and spy chips stuffed inside Ledger wallets. Cast: Juan Andres Guerrero-Saade, Ryan Naraine and Costin Raiu. Timestamps: 0:00 Introductory banter 1:35 Virus Bulletin 2026 in Seville 6:13 Conference roundup: State of Statecraft, Countermeasure, RE//verse 10:21 French supermarket fridges hacked 22:53 Hacking food supply and the attribution question 33:23 Who patches the fridge? 45:58 Ivanti Connect Secure zero-day chain 53:00 When an AI agent deletes your databases 1:04:34 NCSC edge-device forensics guidance 1:28:06 Anthropic's self-replicating IoT research 1:52:17 Why guardrails lock out defenders 2:04:57 Grok's enterprise play and agent sprawl 2:16:26 Citizen Lab exposes AdFection spyware via ads 2:57:24 Calif burns iPhone exploits at Hexacon 3:06:55 Ledger wallet implants and the grain of rice
- 2 weeks ago1h 5m
Katie Moussouris on AI-as-malware, the monitoring gap, and an NTSB for AI
(Presented by TLPBLACK: A cybersecurity intelligence platform focused on sharing curated, high-sensitivity threat insights and research with trusted security professionals.) Three Buddy Problem x Offensive AI Con: Luta Security chief Katie Moussouris makes the case for an NTSB-style board for AI incidents, with subpoena power and full-time investigators, after OpenAI's DNS tunneling escape and the 52 days it took to notice a model had wandered into Australian government systems. Along the way, we chat about her work on the Cyber Safety Review Board (CSRB), AI model refusals that leave defenders stuck, and why she still bets on hackers to bend this technology their way. Cast: Juan Andres Guerrero-Saade, Ryan Naraine and Katie Moussouris. Timestamps: 0:00 Intros at Offensive AI Con 1:00 OpenAI's DNS tunneling incident and slow monitoring 4:36 Treating AI like malware in a sandbox 9:01 The business model is the misalignment 13:37 Log4j, SBOMs and an NTSB for AI 18:00 Trading liability protection for honest disclosure 22:13 Accountability and "once you become aware" 26:18 The Australia notification timeline 28:19 A blank-check administration and the Anthropic phaseout 34:35 Powerful models in the right hands 38:42 Kill switch bills and regulatory capture 42:36 EU fines as a tariff on American tech 48:03 Reasons for optimism 54:13 Bring back "information security" 1:01:57 Katie's last word
- 2 weeks ago54 min
NCSC's Ollie Whitehouse: 'The Biggest Correction of Technical Debt Ever'
(Presented by TLPBLACK: A cybersecurity intelligence platform focused on sharing curated, high-sensitivity threat insights and research with trusted security professionals.) Three Buddy Problem x Offensive AI Con: Ollie Whitehouse, CTO of the UK's National Cyber Security Centre, joins us to explain how Britain is preparing for an AI-driven patch wave and why the NCSC is pressing edge-device vendors to finally ship real telemetry. Plus, we dig into rogue AI agents wandering into a Five Eyes network, along with his forecast that small, capable models could revive self-spreading worms around 2030, all part of what he calls the biggest forced correction of technical debt the industry will ever see. Cast: Juan Andres Guerrero-Saade, Ryan Naraine and Ollie Whitehouse. Timestamps: 0:00 Live from Offensive AI Con: meet Ollie Whitehouse 2:46 Why the NCSC is a model for the US 6:48 What a "national technical authority" does 7:49 The Huawei analysis and the push for passkeys 10:50 Independent AI model testing 13:12 Open-weight vs. closed models and AI sovereignty 19:02 Capability density and AI worms by 2030 23:09 Robotics security and lessons from Japan 26:49 Preparing for the patch wave 31:06 Architecture fixes: OT, cross domain, privileged access 32:28 Telecoms security and Salt Typhoon 38:59 Minimum telemetry standards for edge devices 41:55 Market incentives and the EU Cyber Resilience Act 46:05 Rogue agents and the forced correction of technical debt
- 3 weeks ago54 min
Aaron Grattafiori Explains How LLMs Hunt Patch Variants at Scale
(Presented by TLPBLACK: A cybersecurity intelligence platform focused on sharing curated, high-sensitivity threat insights and research with trusted security professionals.) Three Buddy Problem x Offensive AI Con: Umbriel AI's Aaron Grattafiori breaks down the new offensive-security playbook: using LLMs for patch variant analysis, why the vuln apocalypse hasn't become an exploit apocalypse, and how the death of security through obscurity puts closed-source binaries and firmware within reach. Plus, we discuss rogue agents escaping sandboxes, the eval-driven loop behind recursive self-improvement, and the brutal cost asymmetry that makes offense cheap and defense almost unaffordable. Cast: Juan Andres Guerrero-Saade, Ryan Naraine and Aaron Grattafiori. Timestamps: 0:00 Introductory banter 1:12 Umbriel AI pitch: "Smart people in a place to cook” 3:08 Weird, exhausting, exciting time in security 4:00 What AI really changed: speed (and a 30-minute reimplementation) 6:36 Incomplete fixes and the variant-analysis pipeline 9:21 Uplifting, abstraction, and representing vulnerabilities 11:48 Experimentation and the new shape of security companies 14:46 The vuln apocalypse vs. the exploit apocalypse 16:36 Triage, verification, and reward hacking 18:08 Do models reintroduce bugs? Is vuln-free code possible? 24:22 Specialized models and the rise of Jev-style classifiers 26:47 Binaries, firmware, and the death of security through obscurity 31:15 Open source as a requirement and corporate contracting 33:54 Rogue agents: Hugging Face, OpenAI, and lab escapes 39:17 Why defense is so expensive, and running the rig
- 3 weeks ago1h 37m
Joel Todoroff on How Offensive AI Is Rewiring Western Government Ops
(Presented by TLPBLACK: A cybersecurity intelligence platform focused on sharing curated, high-sensitivity threat insights and research with trusted security professionals.) Three Buddy Problem x Offensive AI Con: Former US intelligence and national security official Joel Todoroff joins us live from OffensiveAIcon to explain why his new startup Phyle is building AI for the recon and targeting work that happens long before anyone fires an exploit. We get into bribable sysadmins, the military framing that boxes in Western cyber operations, letters of marque, AI doomerism, and what happens when a frontier model decides mid-project that your use case is off-limits. Cast: Juan Andres Guerrero-Saade, Ryan Naraine and Joel Todoroff. Timestamps: 0:00 Live from OffensiveAIcon in Oceanside 1:23 What Phyle builds for governments 3:02 Skepticism of the AI 0-day factory 5:57 Paying a sysadmin vs. burning tokens 9:30 Recon gets less love than weaponization 12:41 Exploit shelf life and target No. 1,000 17:30 Why attacker costs will keep rising 22:23 What HUMINT looks like in 2026 27:06 Why intelligence stovepipes persist 32:16 Cyber as statecraft beyond the military frame 41:23 People will keep making dumb mistakes 48:03 The White House memo and letters of marque 54:06 Doomerism vs. near-term AI harms 1:04:20 PSOA concerns and building guardrails in 1:26:03 Open models, guardrails and zero data retention
- 3 weeks ago1h 8m
Valentina Palmiotti (chompie) on Vulnpocalypse, Matching Mythos on a Budget
(Presented by TLPBLACK: A cybersecurity intelligence platform focused on sharing curated, high-sensitivity threat insights and research with trusted security professionals.) Three Buddy Problem x Offensive AI Con: Live from OAIC, IBM X-Force's Valentina Palmiotti (chompie) walks us through the autonomous Windows kernel exploit pipeline she built on older Claude models, which landed within a hair of Mythos for about $180 a chain. Plus, the Pwn2Own bug Claude called unexploitable, why her Pwn2Own bugs still sit unpatched, disappearing exploit techniques, the dread of being a defender, and how Phrack found its way back into print. Timestamps: 0:00 Intro and Pwn2Own war stories 3:46 What vibe hacking means 8:16 When long agent runs go sideways 10:31 Self-verification in an n-day kernel pipeline 16:11 Matching Mythos for $180 a chain 18:42 The bug Claude called unexploitable 21:49 Unpatched bugs and the defender gap 25:37 Mythos arrives through CVP 27:00 Models only know public techniques 32:01 Testing models on held-back bugs 37:45 Inside chompie's daily workflow 46:07 Where's the exploitpocalypse? 50:07 Pixel drops MTE 53:40 Advice for defenders: design for containment 58:34 Phrack is back
- 4 weeks ago2h 33m
Why is Anthropic Afraid of GLM 5.3?
(Presented by TLPBLACK: A cybersecurity intelligence platform focused on sharing curated, high-sensitivity threat insights and research with trusted security professionals.) Three Buddy Problem - Episode 115: We into Anthropic's Frontier Red Team fear-mongering on Zhipu's open-weight GLM 5.3 model and wonder why the AI labs' cyber programs do so little for defenders. Plus, Citrix NetScaler zero-days, a new iOS zero-day tied to WhatsApp, AI agents that act on your behalf, and whether security teams should buy DGX Sparks to run models locally. Cast: Juan Andres Guerrero-Saade, Ryan Naraine and Costin Raiu. Timestamps: 0:00 Introductory banter, TLPBLACK 3:38 OffensiveAI Con and the missing defensive con 9:28 Anthropic's GLM 5.3 post 23:21 What do defensive AI coalitions do? 29:08 Inside Glasswing 36:01 Why can't vuln-finding models patch? 42:44 Gemini for Argon and Grok's CVE-Bench tie 47:54 Is hallucination a solved problem? 57:41 Zhipu's program and 4,000 zero-days 1:02:32 Citrix NetScaler zero-days 1:10:42 Half-days and automated patching 1:26:45 iOS 27.0.1 zero-day and WhatsApp 1:32:36 Dots, Instinct and agent monetization 1:52:06 DGX Spark 64GB and local AI hardware 2:18:38 Anthropic visits the Pope, then UFOs
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About Three Buddy Problem
The Three Buddy Problem is a popular Security Conversations podcast that goes beyond industry talking points to discuss what others won’t -- nation-state malware, attribution, cyberwar, ethics, privacy, and the messy realities of securing computers and corporate networks. Hosted by three veteran security pros -- journalist Ryan Naraine and malware paleontologists Costin Raiu and Juan Andres Guerrero-Saade -- the weekly show attracts a highly engaged audience of security researchers, corporate defenders, CISOs, and policymakers.
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