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by Chris Stewart & Emily Brunsden
Join astronomer Dr Emily Brunsden and enthusiastic not-astronomer Dr Chris Stewart as they explore the universe.
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We've talked a lot about life in the universe in this season — from where we might look, to what it might conceivably be, to the question of what even we mean by the word "life" anyway. And now, finally, it's time to grapple with the huge problem of what astronomers are actually looking for: the signals, the signs, the smoking gun of life on another planet. We're talking biosignatures, and Emily has some bad news: turns out, it's really hard to take a precise measurement of a conclusive biosignature of exolife ... mainly because, it's not clear any such conclusive biosignature even exists. But she has some good news, which is that we're getting a lot better at detecting atmospheres on exoplanets — so there's still hope!On the web: syzygy.fmHelp us make Syzygy even better! Tell your friends and give us a review, or show your support on Patreon: patreon.com/syzygypodSyzygy is produced by Chris Stewart and co-hosted by Dr Emily Brunsden from the Department of Physics at the University of York.Some of the things we talk about in this episode:• What Wiki says about Biosignatures• The Just Wonderful JWST• The Eyeball Planet LHS 1140 b• The paper on Detection of an atmosphere on LHS 1140 b• A good summary of the paper
Finaly — finally! — Chris and Emily get to the meat of the matter in this season on life in the universe. Very special guest Dr Kelly Redeker from the Department of Biology at the University of York breaks down the principles of life, both on Earth and on other worlds (or "slimy rocks" as Emily insists on calling them). Do you need a Frankenstein-esque spark? Is life inevitable? What about complex life? Intelligent life? And Emily asks Kelly the big question: will we find life outside our planet?On the web: syzygy.fmHelp us make Syzygy even better! Tell your friends and give us a review, or show your support on Patreon: patreon.com/syzygypodSyzygy is produced by Chris Stewart and co-hosted by Dr Emily Brunsden from the Department of Physics at the University of York.Some of the things we talk about in this episode:• Special guest Dr Kelly Redeger• How to define life• The origins of life• Non-carbon-based life
In this season on life in the universe, it's time to look closer to home: what are the chances we will find evidence of life — present or past-tense — in the Solar System, our own back yard? Emily's fabulous colleague Dr Clément Moissard, plasma physicist at the University of York, joins us to discuss the search for life on Mars, on the icy moons of Jupiter and Saturn ... even on Pluto?! Surely not. It's a fascinating and fun conversation with plenty of surprises: Chris somehow missed the fact that we landed on Titan in 2005, Clément is super keen to visit mysterious Planet 9, and Emily just seems fixated on tasty space fish.On the web: syzygy.fmHelp us make Syzygy even better! Tell your friends and give us a review, or show your support on Patreon: patreon.com/syzygypodSyzygy is produced by Chris Stewart and co-hosted by Dr Emily Brunsden from the Department of Physics at the University of York.Some of the things we talk about in this episode:• Our special guest Dr Clément Moissard• Latest evidence for life on Mars?• Water on Europa• Life on Enceladus?• The Cassini-Huygens mission• Cassini’s Grand Finale and images• Wait … we landed on Titan?• Sample return missions from Mars• JUICE mission to Ganimede• Zeppelins on Venus?!• There’s water on Pluto?!• Planet 9
Having established that the hunt for life in the galaxy ought to begin with an appropriate star, Emily turns our attention towards suitable planets. But what makes a hospitable home for life? It’s complicated, and it seems whatever way we look at it, we don’t have a lot of candidates to choose from. Emily discusses earth-like rocky planets, ocean worlds, and wonderfully-named Chthonian planets, before letting rip with some wild speculation. I mean, life could be anywhere, right?On the web: syzygy.fmHelp us make Syzygy even better! Tell your friends and give us a review, or show your support on Patreon: patreon.com/syzygypodSyzygy is produced by Chris Stewart and co-hosted by Dr Emily Brunsden from the Department of Physics at the University of York.Some of the things we talk about in this episode:• The first exoplanet, 51 Pegasi b• The Habitable Zone• Chthonian planets, Mini Neptunes & Super Earths • The Habitable Worlds Catalog(ue)• The Trappist-1 System• Proxima Centauri b• LHS 1140 b• Hycean Worlds• Dimethyl Sulphide discovery?• Icy Ocean Planets
We're back with Season 3! For the next six episodes we're talking life in the universe, and so far we have N=1: we know there's life on Earth, but nowhere else as yet. Those are challenging statistics. In this episode Emily makes the case that to explore the possibility of life elsewhere in the cosmos, you need planets — and to have planets, you need stars. She then proceeds to whittle the number of potential life-bearing systems in our galaxy down to a scarily small number. But all is not lost, we still have five episodes to fill with hope and optimism.On the web: syzygy.fmHelp us make Syzygy even better! Tell your friends and give us a review, or show your support on Patreon: patreon.com/syzygypodSyzygy is produced by Chris Stewart and co-hosted by Dr Emily Brunsden from the Department of Physics at the University of York.Some of the things we talk about in this episode:• Types of stars• Stellar magnetism• Multiple star systems• Stellar metallicity• The Galactic Habitable Zone
According to one survey, around one-third of Australians think aliens not only exist, but have actually visited Earth. That's ... a bit fraction. In this final episode of season 2, we ask how we'd even find out if life exists around other stars. Emily introduces the Habitable Worlds Observatory, an incredible new space telescope that's just in the early design phase and not due for years yet, with lots of technical and scientific holes to plug. Whether we can find life on other planets, who knows ... but maybe we've just found season three of Syzygy!On the web: syzygy.fmHelp us make Syzygy even better! Tell your friends and give us a review, or show your support on Patreon: patreon.com/syzygypodSyzygy is produced by Chris Stewart and co-hosted by Dr Emily Brunsden from the Department of Physics at the University of York.Some of the things we talk about in this episode:• Habitable Worlds Observatory• Square Kilometre Array• SETI and Jill Tarter• Jocelyn Bell Burnell and the first pulsar• Roman Space Telescope• Designs for the HWO• Exoplanet biosignatures
Exo-planets, sure. Exo-moons and -comets? Fine. But exo ... telescopes?! Emily is going out on a limb in this episode, expanding the definition of telescope to include things that measure stuff in space, and we're here for it! Which means we really do have a few telescopes out there beyond the Solar System, in the shape of Voyagers 1 and 2, with a few more waiting in the wings.On the web: syzygy.fmHelp us make Syzygy even better! Tell your friends and give us a review, or show your support on Patreon: patreon.com/syzygypodSyzygy is produced by Chris Stewart and co-hosted by Dr Emily Brunsden from the Department of Physics at the University of York.Some of the things we talk about in this episode:• The Voyager Missions: Voyager 1 and Voyager 2• Where are the Voyager spacecraft now?• The Heliosphere, where the Solar System ends • The Voyager Golden Record• NASA relieved to get a call from Voyager 1• Syzygy Episode 42: Life, the Universe, and Everything• Syzygy Episode 79: Voyager Hears a Hum• Voyager 2 turns of last scientific instrument• Uranus mystery finally solved!• The Kuiper Belt and the Oort Cloud• The Pioneer Program, esp. Pioneer 10 and Pioneer 11• The Pioneer Plaque• The New Horizons mission and the Pluto Heart image• New Horizons visits Ultima Thule (Arrokoth)
We know, we know — we did exoplanets last time. But that was the current state-of-play and a 2024 exoplanets wrapped update. In this episode, Emily looks to the future! She does a deep dive into the promise of the just wonderful JWST, as it prods exoplanets in ways they’ve never been prodded before.On the web: syzygy.fmHelp us make Syzygy even better! Tell your friends and give us a review, or show your support on Patreon: patreon.com/syzygypodSyzygy is produced by Chris Stewart and co-hosted by Dr Emily Brunsden from the Department of Physics at the University of York.Some of the things we talk about in this episode:• The JWST mission• The Transit method• Exoplanet Phase Curves• Exoplanet GJ1214b and the phase curve paper• Transmission spectroscopy• Exoplanet WASP 39b• Direct imaging of exoplanets• Exoplanet HIP65426b• The JWST first release images• The WASP 96-b “dodgy graph” (see Brundsen, 2025)• Exoplanet WASP 43b’s day and night (and the Nature paper)• The Trappist 1 system
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